Il modello di detenzione delle Apac è riconosciuto tra i più riusciti al mondo. Per l’Onu rappresenta il più efficace sistema di recupero in assoluto. L’acronimo sta per Associazione di Protezione e Assistenza ai Condannati. Prigioni senza armi, guardie e dove i prigionieri hanno le chiavi delle celle e si occupano della sicurezza.
Le Apac sono nate negli anni ’80 e sono diffuse il 12 Paesi. In Italia ce ne sono due riconosciute a Rimini e altre sei in via di riconoscimento tra Rimini, Vasto, Termoli, Bocceda, Forlì e Piasco. In Brasile, dove sono nate, se ne contano una cinquantina e ospitano circa tremila detenuti. A convincere è il bassissimo tasso di recidiva tra le persone che vi hanno scontato una pena: 15% a fronte di un tasso dell’85% dei comuni istituti brasiliani. Le Apac abbattono anche i costi per lo Stato: il costo di mantenimento di ogni detenuto è di un terzo di quello nei carceri tradizionali.
A fondarle l’avvocato Mario Ottoboni. La sua eredità è stata raccolta Valdeci Antonio Ferreira, ex braccio destro di Ottoboni, che a La Lettura ha raccontato: “Se c’è qualcosa che impressiona chiunque entri nelle prigioni tradizionali è l’odore. Per anni ho cercato di decifrarlo, è un misto di fogna, sigaretta, droga, muffa. Ti si impregna nei vestiti, sulla pelle, nelle narici. Poi mi è stato più chiaro: è l’odore di persone che stanno imputridendo nell’anima. Nelle Apac quell’odore non c’è”.
COME SI ACCEDE – Per accedere alle Apac i detenuti devono essere condannati definitivamente e devono aver scontato almeno un anno in un carcere comune per buona condotta. La richiesta di ammissione si presenta in via scritta. Nella stessa va espresso esplicitamente l’impegno a rispettare le regole della struttura e quindi compiti come il controllo a vicenda e i turni nelle celle di notte. Il condannato quindi riconosce il proprio errore. Altra condizione essenziale: la famiglia deve vivere vicino all’istituto poiché entrerà a far parte del programma. “Molti fanno richiesta con l’idea di preparare la fuga, ma qui ci ripensano”, ha detto a La Lettura Luiz Carlos, giudice responsabile delle politiche penitenziarie del Minais Gerais.
COME FUNZIONANO – I detenuti lavorano, studiano o partecipano a laboratori e corsi di formazione, altrimenti vengono espulsi. Le giornate sono divise tra preghiera, lavoro e studio. Ogni persona è sottoposta a un determinato regime a seconda del reato: chiuso, semi aperto e aperto. I carcerati indossano vestiti, non uniformi, cucinano e sono liberi di muoversi tra le celle. Solo quelli destinati al regime chiuso vengono serrati a chiave. Principio cardine è quello di responsabilizzazione: le chiavi sono affidate ai recuperando che hanno completato il percorso riabilitativo. Questi sono incaricati di gestire le celle e monitorare il comportamento dei compagni.
fonte: www.ilriformista.it
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